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Advantages and Disadvantages of Casting Steel Ball
Steel ball is divided into two kinds of casting steel ball and forging steel ball, the following is a brief analysis of the basic knowledge of casting steel ball and related concepts.
Cast steel ball Material effects: In general, the greater the hardness of steel ball wear resistance is also greater. To improve the wear resistance of steel ball, it is necessary to increase its hardness, but with the increase of hardness, the impact toughness of steel ball will be reduced, while the hardness of steel ball but also take into account the lining of the material and hardness, not too high (Smashed liner), it should not be too low (not wear). Therefore, how to take into account the appropriate hardness of steel ball and good impact toughness is the key to improve the wear resistance of steel ball.
Commonly used materials are: low carbon alloy, high manganese steel, high chromium cast iron, high carbon high manganese alloy steel.
Low carbon alloy steel ball has good toughness and low price, under the same working conditions, its service life is l times higher than that of low chromium cast ball;
High manganese steel toughness, good technology, low prices, its main feature is in the larger impact or contact stress under the action of the surface layer will quickly produce work hardening, the work hardening index 5-7 times higher than other materials, Wear resistance has been greatly improved;
High-chromium cast iron is a wear-resistant material with excellent wear resistance, but lower toughness, brittle fracture prone and expensive.
High-carbon and high-manganese alloy steel is mainly composed of chromium, molybdenum and other elements of the alloy steel, high hardness, good toughness, the matrix has martensite, bainite or bainite + martensite composite structure. Steel ball hardness of about HRC60, impact toughness ≥ 15J / CM2, under the same working conditions, the service life of at least 1 times higher than the high manganese steel ball.
But the quenching and tempering heat treatment of steel ball is the key. After quenching and tempering, not only the overall toughness needs to reach 12 joules / cm 2, but also requires considerable plasticity and wear resistance. However, the general casting process can only achieve 3-5 joules, resulting in crushing High rate, even if the high-chromium cast ball, so the intensity of the work conditions, the proposed use of forgings. The manufacture of steel ball is also a key factor in determining its service life. If the steel ball surface or internal defects in the manufacture, such as shrinkage, cracks, transcrystallization, etc., not only will reduce the performance of steel ball, and even cause steel ball broken. Therefore, reasonable forging, casting and heat treatment processes must be established in steel ball production. For example, for high-chromium cast iron balls, vertical casting and rational use of outer cooling iron should be adopted and the casting temperature should be strictly controlled. In this way, the steel ball can be cast with good solidification order and shrinkage conditions to obtain dense internal structure, And weaken the phenomenon of coarse grains. Steel ball heat treatment process determines its mechanical properties and the distribution of carbide morphology. Due to the presence of a certain amount of chromium and other alloying elements in the composition of the steel ball, how to make these alloying elements hard carbides fully exert one of the factors considered when formulating the heat treatment process. In short, to develop a reasonable production process and strict quality control measures, is to ensure that steel ball to achieve the performance of the prerequisite.
In summary, the forgings superior to the castings, the specific use of steel ball more appropriate but also according to their working conditions and economic strength. As the saying goes, there is no best, only better, not expensive, only buy right.
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